Mumps (कण्ठमाला का रोग) ( Epidemic parotitis) | definition | causes | Symptoms | complications | treatments

 MUMPS

Epidemic parotitis is also called as mumps.

Mumps is a viral infection, acute systemic communicable disease. When painful enlargement of one or both parotid gland is called mumps. It's cause by paramyxovirus ( single stranded RNA virus). Parotid gland is a major and largest salivary gland in human.

Parotid salivary gland are situated below and in front of the ears. The disease spreads through infected saliva.

Sometimes they also effect the meninges, pancreas and the gonads.

कण्ठमाला एक वायरल संक्रमण, तीव्र प्रणालीगत संचारी रोग है। जब एक या दोनों पैरोटिड ग्रंथि के दर्दनाक विस्तार को कण्ठमाला कहा जाता है। यह पैरामाइक्सोवायरस (एकल फंसे हुए आरएनए वायरस) के कारण होता है। पैरोटिड ग्रंथि मानव में एक प्रमुख और सबसे बड़ी लार ग्रंथि है। पैरोटिड लार ग्रंथि कान के नीचे और सामने स्थित होती है। यह रोग संक्रमित लार से फैलता है। कभी-कभी वे मेनिन्जेस, अग्न्याशय और गोनाड को भी प्रभावित करते हैं।

Causes

Mumps is caused by a virus that spreads easily from person to person through infected saliva. If you're not immune, you can contract mumps by breathing in saliva droplets from an infected person who has just sneezed or coughed. You can also contract mumps from sharing utensils or cups with someone who has mumps.

कण्ठमाला एक वायरस के कारण होता है जो संक्रमित लार के माध्यम से एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में आसानी से फैलता है। यदि आप प्रतिरक्षित नहीं हैं, तो आप लार की बूंदों में सांस लेने से कण्ठमाला को अनुबंधित कर सकते हैं एक संक्रमित व्यक्ति से जिसने अभी-अभी छींक या खांसा है। आप किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति के साथ बर्तन या कप साझा करने से भी कण्ठमाला को अनुबंधित कर सकते हैं, जिसके पास कण्ठमाला है।

Symptoms

One-third of patients are asymptomatic. When signs and symptoms do develop, they usually appear about two to three weeks after exposure to the virus.

The primary sign of mumps is swollen salivary glands that cause the cheeks to puff out. Other signs and symptoms may include:

कण्ठमाला का प्राथमिक संकेत सूजी हुई लार ग्रंथियां हैं जो गालों को फूलने का कारण बनती हैं। अन्य लक्षण और लक्षण शामिल हो सकते हैं:

• Fever
• Sore throat
• Malaise
• Anorexia
• Pain and tenderness, angles of jaws.
• Pain in ears
• Difficulty in talking and chewing
• Epididymo-orchitis, ( pain and swelling in testis) in male
• Oophritis, lower abdominal pain in postpubertal females.

Complications

Complications of mumps are rare, but some are potentially serious.

Most mumps complications involve inflammation and swelling in some part of the body, such as:

• Testicles. This condition, known as orchitis, causes one or both testicles to swell in males who've reached puberty. Orchitis is painful, but it rarely leads to the inability to father a child (sterility).
• Brain. Viral infections such as mumps can lead to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Encephalitis can cause neurological problems and become life-threatening.
• Membranes and fluid around the brain and spinal cord. This condition, known as meningitis, can occur if the mumps virus spreads through your bloodstream to infect your central nervous system.
• Pancreas. The signs and symptoms of this condition, known as pancreatitis, include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting.

Other complications of mumps include:

• Hearing loss. Hearing loss can occur in one or both ears. Although rare, the hearing loss is sometimes permanent.
• Heart problems. Rarely, mumps has been associated with abnormal heartbeat and diseases of the heart muscle.
• Miscarriage. Contracting mumps while you're pregnant, especially early in your pregnancy, may lead to miscarriage.

Treatments

Treatment focuses on symptom relief. Recovery takes about two weeks. The disease can be prevented by the MMR vaccine.

Self-care :- bed rest

Medication :- relieve pain,

                         Decreased inflammation,

                         Reduce fever.

Two doses of vaccine are required for long term prevention. The initial doses is recommended between the ages of 12 to 18 months of age. The second dose is then typically given between two years and six years of age.

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