Tetanus (धनुस्तंभ) causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

 TETANUS

Tetanus is a serious disease which is caused by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI bacteria. With very high mortality rate. Tetanus is a wound infection.

"NO WOUND, NO TETANUS" - true✔️

Tetanus leading to painful muscle contraction particularly of the jaw and neck muscles. Tetanus can interfere with your ability to breathe and can threaten your life. Tetanus is commonly known as "lockjaw".

टिटनेस के कारण मांसपेशियों में दर्द होता है, विशेष रूप से जबड़े और गर्दन की मांसपेशियों में। टेटनस आपकी सांस लेने की क्षमता में हस्तक्षेप कर सकता है और आपके जीवन को खतरे में डाल सकता है। टेटनस को आमतौर पर "लोक" के रूप में जाना जाता है|

Tetanus during pregnancy or within 6 weeks of the end of pregnancy is called "maternal tetanus", and tetanus within the first 28 days of life is called "neonatal tetanus".

Tetanus is NOT COMMUNICABLE from one person to another person.

टिटनेस एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में संचारी नहीं है।

The bacteria/spores are found everywhere in the environment, particularly in soil, ash, intestinal tracts, feces of animals and humans, on the surface of skin, and rusty tools likes nail, needles, barbed wire etc. Being very resistance to heat and most antiseptics, the bacteria/ spores can survive for years.

बैक्टीरिया/बीजाणु पर्यावरण में हर जगह पाए जाते हैं, विशेष रूप से मिट्टी, राख, आंत्र पथ, जानवरों और मनुष्यों के मल में, त्वचा की सतह पर, और जंग लगे उपकरण जैसे कील, सुई, कांटेदार तार आदि। गर्मी और अधिकांश एंटीसेप्टिक्स के लिए बहुत प्रतिरोधी होने के कारण, बैक्टीरिया / बीजाणु वर्षों तक जीवित रह सकते हैं।

Possible conditions of infection

Road traffic accident

Rusted nails

Piercing ear lobes

Tattooing

Injection

Burn

Surgical wound

Animal and insects bites

Infected foot ulcers

Dental infection

Endogenous infection after septic abortion.

When patients have weak immunisation, foreign objects enter the body, minor and major injury, use improper sterilisation instruments.

Signs and Symptoms

• Fever
• Sweating
• Elevated blood pressure
• Rapid heart rate
• Spasms and stiffness in your jaw muscles ( trismus)
• Stiffness of your neck muscles
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Stiffness of your abdominal muscles
• Painful body spasms lasting several minutes, typically triggered by minor occurrence, such as a draft, loud noise, physical touch or light.

DIAGNOSIS

Doctors diagnose tetanus based on a physical exam, medical and immunisation history and the signs and symptoms of muscles spasms, stiffness and pain. Laboratory tests generally aren't possible for diagnosing tetanus.

 

TREATMENT

Tetanus vaccination
Care in the hospital
Immediate treatment with medicine called human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
Aggressive wound care
Drugs to control muscle spasms
Antibiotics

Antitoxin

Sedatives.

Tetanus patients admission and isolation in a quite room ( avoid minor stimuli) of the hospital, well away from the reach of a skilled person. Some patients die due to convulsions and laryngeal spasm. The critically ill patients are admitted in an intensive care unit under the supervision.

Proper wound care is necessary.

Vaccines are available that can help prevent tetanus, an infection caused by clostridium tetani bacteria. Four kinds of vaccines used today protect against tetanus, all of which also protect against other disease:-

टीके उपलब्ध हैं जो टेटनस को रोकने में मदद कर सकते हैं, क्लोस्ट्रीडियम टेटानी बैक्टीरिया के कारण होने वाला संक्रमण। आज इस्तेमाल होने वाले चार प्रकार के टीके टिटनेस से रक्षा करते हैं, ये सभी अन्य रोग से भी रक्षा करते हैं।

• Diphtheria and Tetanus (DT) vaccines.
• Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines.
• Tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccines.
• Tetanus, diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) vaccines.

Babies and children younger than 7 years old recieve DTaP or DT, while older children and adults recieve Tdap or Td.

 

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